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For most enolases fluoride acts as an inhibitor while Mg
2020-03-04
For most enolases, fluoride acts as an inhibitor, while Mg2+ is the most important metal activator. In yeast systems, metal cations and fluoride bind to enolase at the active center of the enzyme, forming a complex. The complex blocks the binding of substrates to the enzyme in yeast systems, thereby
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While SCF E ligase activity was reconstituted with recombina
2020-03-04
While SCF E3 ligase activity was reconstituted with recombinant proteins two decades ago, the ability to probe APC/C was limited until recently because of its behemoth size. Human APC/C is a 1.2-MDa assembly comprised of 19 core subunits (one each of nine different APC subunits, and two each of five
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Crystallographic and NMR based analyses have revealed that
2020-03-04
Crystallographic and NMR-based analyses have revealed that RINGs and U-boxes have a common mode of interaction with E2s (Fig. 2A). The key structural elements are two loop-like regions, which, in the case of RINGs, coordinate Zn. The loops surround a shallow groove formed by the central α-helix. Tog
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Consistent with our previous study Gao et al b
2020-03-04
Consistent with our previous study (Gao et al., 2018b; Wu et al., 2018), we found that TCB-2 disrupted both pup preference and home-cage maternal behavior. Based on the findings that 4-h pup DBIBB synthesis (a technique presumably increases maternal motivation) failed to attenuate the TCB-2-induced
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br Materials and method br Results and discussion We carried
2020-03-04
Materials and method Results and discussion We carried out DNA ligation using free and immobilized T4 DNA ligase in the absence of a magnetic field at 16°C, where the enzyme concentration (final concentration after mixing the solutions for the reaction) in both cases was 0.40μg/mL, and found t
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br Conclusion In conclusion our
2020-03-04
Conclusion In conclusion, our findings do not suggest that HT is an important determinant of future AD risk and are in line with a recent Cochrane review stating that HT is not indicated for preventing dementia or cognitive decline in postmenopausal women [13]. Contributors Conflict of inte
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Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH br Material and methods br Results br
2020-03-04
Material and methods Results Discussion Both progesterone and estradiol are major ovarian steroids crucial for the development and homeostasis of the female reproductive tract (Patel et al., 2015). In the cervix, estrogen softens the cervical stroma affecting the extracellular matrix (ECM)
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ERR is expressed in several adult and
2020-03-04
ERRγ is expressed in several adult and embryonic tissues but its biological role is still largely unknown [21]. Overexpression of ERRγ in breast cancer correlates with a favorable outcome [22]. In addition, ERRγ has been reported to inhibit the growth of prostate tumor hth 7 in 1 receptor [23]. In
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As for the molecular mechanism Ferguson BD suggested that Ep
2020-03-03
As for the molecular mechanism, Ferguson BD suggested that EphB4/EphrinB2 stimulation induced topoisomerase I activity in small cell lung cancer cell lines. Treatment of PX 866 receptor with EphrinB2/Fc induced topoisomerase activity as assessed by DNA relaxation in cells with high EphB4 expression
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Our observation that nuclear but not cytoplasmic EP expressi
2020-03-03
Our observation that nuclear, but not cytoplasmic EP4 expression is associated with different outcomes is interesting. In breast cancer, using the same methods, we did not detect EP4 in the nucleus of malignant Thymidine whereas cytoplasmic EP4 was commonly observed [13]. While G protein-coupled re
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There are two types of
2020-03-03
There are two types of DDRs, DDR1 and DDR2, which are type I transmembrane RTKs characterized by an N-terminal extracellular discoidin domain containing a collagen binding site [8]. DDR1 expression is somewhat restricted to epithelial cells, while DDR2 is often expressed in cells of mesenchymal orig
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br E E backside interaction The E possesses
2020-03-03
E3–E2 backside interaction The E2 possesses an important regulatory interface which is termed its backside as it is opposite to the catalytic cleft that bears the active-site cysteine forming the thioester with SUMOD. This backside site interacts noncovalently with a scaffold SUMOB and was origin
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cGAS has a central role
2020-03-03
cGAS has a central role in STING activation after DNA sensing, but it is unknown if most of the DNA sensors act independently or in cooperation with the cGAS-cGAMP pathway. This was addressed for IFI16 (Almine et al., 2017, Jønsson et al., 2017) and PQBP1 (Yoh et al., 2015) but remains to be tested
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Our finding that one enzyme acts both as a
2020-03-03
Our finding that one enzyme acts both as a primase and a DNAP poses evolutionary and mechanistic questions. In particular, why do cellular organisms require two enzymes to fulfill de novo DNA synthesis? The inability of cellular replicases to perform as primases might be dictated by the challenges a
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In conclusion we have recombinantly expressed and purified t
2020-03-03
In conclusion, we have recombinantly expressed and purified the product of the YP_002262821.1 gene from A. salmonicida and confirmed that it possesses ATP-dependent DNA ligase activity. Comparison of the full-length and truncated versions of the protein indicate that the N-terminal 25 sr9011 encode
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