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Finally unilateral microinjection of CP Astressin B CP CRF
2021-02-24
Finally, unilateral microinjection of CP-376395, Astressin 2B, CP-376395 + CRF or ASTR 2B + CRF into the BLA (Fig. 3A) or CeA (Fig. 3B) did not significantly alter spontaneous motor activity in the open field test (F4,24 = 0.148, P > 0.05; F4,29 = 0.290, P > 0.05 in the BLA and CeA, respectively, AN
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While a growing body of knowledge demonstrates the
2021-02-24
While a growing body of knowledge demonstrates the importance of COX-1 and COX-2 accompanied with neuroinflammation in altitude related conditions. In fact, PGE2 has been widely thought to promote the neuronal inflammation and degeneration in many neurological maladies (Griffin et al., 2013, Jiang a
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The estrogenic activity of steroids with a C
2021-02-24
The estrogenic activity of steroids with a C19 methyl group may provide a selective advantage in estrogen physiology that is not provided by E2. In this regard, 5α-androstanediol has been proposed to be a second physiological estrogen in fetal mouse Cl-Amidine trifluoroacetate salt synthesis based o
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In the present study we examined
2021-02-24
In the present study we examined whether the gene for estrogen receptor alpha, Esr1, plays a role in the expression of maternal memory in female rats. The approach utilized a newly developed rat Esr1 knockout (KO) rat model (Rumi et al., 2014) to evaluate whether deletion of the Esr1 survivin (bacul
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br Introduction Maintaining the normal function of fetal tro
2021-02-24
Introduction Maintaining the normal function of fetal trophoblasts is essential for a successful pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-specific disorder, is often associated with excessive trophoblast cell apoptosis and superficial trophoblast invasion leading to insufficient spiral artery re
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Although MMP might be a downstream target of Src kinase
2021-02-24
Although MMP-9 might be a downstream target of Src kinase signaling (Liu and Sharp, 2011), a direct connection has not been established. We showed for the first time that, in the collagenase-induced ICH model, Src kinase signaling regulates MMP-9 activity and mediates EP1R toxicity. Consistent with
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LB Agar Miller br Materials and methods br Results br Discus
2021-02-24
Materials and methods Results Discussion Inflammatory signalling and in particular the arachidonic LB Agar Miller cascade have been suggested as targets for disease modification, optimization of the therapeutic response, and even restoration of pharmacosensitivity (Potschka, 2010). Recentl
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Upon Edn ligand binding endothelin receptors can
2021-02-24
Upon Edn ligand binding, endothelin receptors can induce a variety of intracellular signaling cascades leading to diverse cellular responses such as contraction in the case of smooth muscle cells, or cell growth and mitogenesis. Ednrs are expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues, for example
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Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a major factor that l
2021-02-24
Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a major factor that leads to tumorigenesis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a common tumor suppressor, the entacapone receptor of which is often downregulated or even absent in the majority of human cancers, functions as a phosp
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br The ubiquitin proteasome system The ubiquitin
2021-02-24
The ubiquitin proteasome system The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a significant role in the regulation of cell growth and survival, in addition to maintaining cellular homeostasis. By means of the UPS, Birinapant can precisely and temporally degrade approximately 80% of the entire prot
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A growing number of other post translational
2021-02-24
A growing number of other post-translational modifications are implicated in regulation of the ubiquitin system, including substrate modification by hydroxylation, glycosylation, acetylation, methylation, modification by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), and attachment of ubiquitin-like modifiers. The HIF1-α
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These studies suggested that PV PVH might promote bone
2021-02-24
These studies suggested that PV/PVH might promote bone formation activities and/or inhibit bone resorption activities probably due to its anti-inflammation activity; however, the underlying mechanism remained unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear if PVH shows better activity than that of PV; this is i
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br Restenosis after angioplasty remains
2021-02-24
Restenosis after angioplasty remains a remarkable challenge, although drug-eluting stents have reduced the incidence of restenosis considerably . Vascular smooth muscle AEB071 (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the development of intimal thickening and restenosis. VSMCs proliferate and migrate from t
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br A brief introduction to DUBs The
2021-02-24
A brief introduction to DUBs The reversal of ubiquitin conjugation of targeted proteins relies on deubiquitinating TAPI-1 (DUBs), which catalytically cleave single Ub or poly-ubiquitin chains from proteins. The human genome encodes approximately 100 potential DUBs which can be classified into six
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Global inhibition of integrin signaling with EDTA here sugge
2021-02-23
Global inhibition of integrin signaling with EDTA here suggests that integrin signaling potentially cooperates with DDR2 in collagen induction of lysyl oxidase. This notion is supported by a recent study that shows DDR2 cooperation with specific integrins in cell adhesion to collagen [47]. It is of
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