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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion The distri
2021-11-04
Materials and methods Results Discussion The distribution of FFA1 and FFA4 expressed in normal tissues is distinguishable. FFA1 is expressed in the restricted organ, such as pancreatic beta BMN673 [18]. In contrast, FFA4 is highly expressed in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, adipocytes a
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br FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR GPR
2021-11-04
FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR 1 (GPR40) G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 120 CONCLUSION Free fatty GSK2269557 receptors whose natural ligands are identified as FFAs having various lengths have been reported. They act as novel nutrient sensing receptors independent of PPARs and FABPs, and they are kno
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br Introduction The airway epithelium is
2021-11-03
Introduction The airway epithelium is the first barrier against inhaled insults and the final barrier against internal forces (hydrostatic, inflammatory, and ischemic) that disrupt water and solute movement across the epithelium. This barrier is formed by adhesion of airway and alveolar epitheli
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br Results and discussion br Conclusion In
2021-11-03
Results and discussion Conclusion In summary, starting from our previous lead OSU-03012 receptor 1, we replaced the 5-nitropyrimidine core with pyrimidopyrimidine to obtain a series of novel compounds as drug candidates of GPR119 agonist for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some derivatives showe
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We started our investigation by evaluating
2021-11-03
We started our investigation by evaluating the impact of changes to the piperidine moiety of (). As demonstrated with morpholine and piperazine , attenuation of nitrogen basicity resulted in complete loss of activity, suggesting that a basic heterocyclic nitrogen is important for potent inhibition
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br Method br Results br Discussion There were two
2021-11-03
Method Results Discussion There were two major sources of fluorescent signals of NADH in the mouse retina. One was a product derived from glutamate and the other was the elevation of intrinsic NADH. In the present study, we observed significant contamination from intrinsic NADH in “the oute
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br Materials and methods br Results Analysis
2021-11-03
Materials and methods Results Analysis of the post-mortem human prefrontal cortex by western blotting indicated that GLAST expression was increased 1.6-fold in the extracts of alcoholic brains relative to controls (Fig. 1A and B). To resolve the distinct sub-pools of GLAST within our samples w
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Comparison of dlGALRs deduced amino acid sequences
2021-11-03
Comparison of dlGALRs deduced amino Adenosine Kinase Inhibitor hydrate sequences with that of human GALRs demonstrate that the GALR1 ortholog sequences have diverged less than those of GALR2. Since often duplicate genes undergo divergent evolution through sub-functionalization, loss or gain of new
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br Conflict of interest br
2021-11-03
Conflict of interest Introduction Milk and dairy products are nutritious foods that provide lactose, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and proteins, among other nutrients, which have been reported to have a fundamental role in bone development and healthy diets. An adequate consumption of dairy
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Another small compound targeting IBAT has been evaluated in
2021-11-03
Another small compound targeting IBAT has been evaluated in Phase I clinical trial (EudraCT 2013-001175-21) [86]. The oral administration of A4250 to healthy subjects did not give rise to any serious adverse events, was well tolerated and had a similar safety profile as elobixibat; however, it cause
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FBP ALDOA complex is located on both
2021-11-03
FBP2-ALDOA complex is located on both sides of Z-line in striated muscles (Rakus et al., 2003a; Gizak et al., 2003) and its stability is regulated by calcium ions (Mamczur et al., 2005; Rakus et al., 2013) (Fig. 3). An increasing titre of [Ca2+] which occurs during muscle contraction stimulates diss
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Focal adhesion kinase FAK also known
2021-11-03
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), also known as protein tyrosine kinase2 (PTK2), is a tyrosine kinase and vital member in integrin-mediated signaling pathways [3]. In response to integrin involvement, FAK would be phosphorylated. It was reported that FAK is involved in cellular adhesion and spreading [4]
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Previous studies have shown that ox LDL induced hepatic
2021-11-03
Previous studies have shown that ox-LDL-induced hepatic sinus dysfunction is the result of multiple pathways, multi-factorial regulation, and in the present study, we reported for the first time that ox-LDL regulates the basement membrane protein VN through the integrin αvβ5 pathway under high gluco
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sr1 Our data show that oxidative stress high levels
2021-11-03
Our data show that oxidative stress (high levels of ROS) suppresses the process of lysosomal exocytosis, which would be predicted to impair the expulsion of toxic compounds from cells. Therefore, we propose that ROS have a biphasic effect on the lysosomal clearance: consistent with their role as a s
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br S Nitrosoglutathione reductase GSNOR also identified as g
2021-11-02
S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) also identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), is a zinc-dependent dehydrogenase. It is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family and is called class III alcohol dehydrogenase that regulates the levels of S-nitrosothiols (
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