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The binding of DHAP to aldolase resulted in
2021-09-06
The binding of DHAP to aldolase resulted in a dramatic decrease of aldolase affinity to FBPase – KAapp was reduced more than 100 times. The dependence of the complex activity versus increasing DHAP concentration was biphasic (Fig. 3a). Supposedly, the first phase of the curve represents the state in
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br Introduction Isoprenoid structures play an essential
2021-09-06
Introduction Isoprenoid structures play an essential role in biology and over 30,000 natural products of this class are known (Greenhagen et al., 2003). Like other animals, insects require these compounds for many disparate processes, including electron transport (e.g., ubiquinones), protein glyc
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br Formation of secretory vesicles and trafficking
2021-09-06
Formation of secretory vesicles and trafficking toward plasma membrane Insulin and other components of the secretory granules are sorting and providing certain cues for perk inhibitor off the adjacent TGN membrane, forming immature secretory clathrin coated vesicles (Gehart and Ricci, 2013). Bin
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Several studies have also shown that HK may be
2021-09-06
Several studies have also shown that HK2 may be an important downstream 5-ht receptors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and may contribute to the development of cancer [15]. In our previous study, we found AKT2 expression was positively correlated with HK2 expression in primary colon cancer sp
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Most hexokinases are widely expressed but distinct hexokinas
2021-09-06
Most hexokinases are widely expressed but distinct hexokinases predominate specific tissues (Katzen and Schimke, 1965, Rogers et al., 1975). Hexokinase I is found in all mammalian tissues, but is most abundant in the paroxetine hydrochloride and kidney (griffin et al., 1992). Hexokinase II is the pr
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Racemic protein crystallography has been proven to be
2021-09-06
Racemic protein crystallography has been proven to be a powerful technique for crystallizing proteins , , , , . The structures of many difficult-to-crystallize peptides/proteins of different sizes were resolved by the racemic protein crystallography combined with the protein chemical synthesis , , ,
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Subcellular domains where Rac is active show
2021-09-06
Subcellular domains where Rac is active show limited Rho activity and vice versa (Fig. 4). This distinctive patterning in Rho activity is achieved via the downstream Rac effector Par6, an important part of the so-called Par polarity complex. In primary epithelium, the cytoskeleton and associated Rho
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br Myelin and metabolism In addition to promoting
2021-09-06
Myelin and metabolism In addition to promoting efficient Tolvaptan mg propagation, myelin is also critical for trophic and metabolic support of axons [56]. To provide metabolites to axons accurately, glia must ‘know’ the metabolic requirements of axons. Could electrical activity by axons function
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CF patients can suffer from a multitude of
2021-09-06
CF patients can suffer from a multitude of hepatobiliary problems including gall stones, hepatitis, steatosis and cirrhosis. Hepatobiliary problems are common in pediatric CF patients with reported prevalence rates up to 25% [12,13]. Cystic fibrosis related liver disease (CFLD) was thought to develo
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One of the main clinical issues
2021-09-03
One of the main clinical issues of ABCB1, together with its impact on intestinal absorption, concerns its location at the BBB. Indeed, ABCB1 has been identified in the luminal side of endothelial cells and in the abluminal side of astrocyte endfeet processes of the CNS microvasculature [[36], [37],
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A majority of investigations of the GCK PFK FBPase interacti
2021-09-03
A majority of investigations of the GCK-PFK-2/FBPase-2 interaction have taken place within cells. Immunofluorescence studies in several fixed cell lines indicate that GCK colocalizes with PFK-2/FBPase-2 in the cytoplasm following overexpression [[68], [69], [70]]. Live cell imaging conducted on sto
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The glucocorticoid GR complex exerts wide spread cellular ef
2021-09-03
The glucocorticoid-GR complex exerts wide-spread cellular effects through two distinct mechanisms categorized as genomic and non-genomic pathways [3,39]. Most non-genomic pathways originate from activation of mGR [40]. These actions of the GR appear to all play an important role in the regulation of
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As glucagon stimulated hepatic glucose production is a key
2021-09-03
As glucagon-stimulated hepatic Glycopyrrolate receptor production is a key component of the normal response to hypoglycemia, the potential of a GCGr antagonist to delay or prevent recovery from a hypoglycemic state is a critical safety issue that must be addressed. Studies of the effects on time to
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br Some general considerations on anterior pituitary cell ty
2021-09-03
Some general considerations on anterior pituitary cell type, models, sex and drugs Historically, real-time analysis of native endocrine anterior pituitary cell excitability has been somewhat limited and thus much of the pioneering work on anterior pituitary cell excitability and stimulus-secretio
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Another TKI used in cancer therapy is the Abl inhibitor
2021-09-03
Another TKI used in cancer therapy is the Abl inhibitor imatinib mesilate which has also a beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis in diabetic humans [39], [40], [41]. Imatinib has a clear impact on NFκB activation and anti-apoptotic preconditioning of β-cells [39], attenuating islet inflammation [
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