• Histone acetylation is regulated by

  2022-05-05

  

  Histone acetylation is regulated by two groups of enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), with antagonizing functions (Wang et al., 2009b). Among members of HATs, p300 and CBP are homologous. Both are global transcriptional co-activators (Ogryzko et al., 1996), and play

• br Introduction Histamine stored in

  2022-05-05

  

  Introduction Histamine stored in mast cells and basophils has been recognized as one of the most critical mediators in allergic reactions and plays an important role in eliciting the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, nasal itch, pain, rhinorrhea, and congestion [1], [2]. It i

• br Conflict of interest br Funding

  2022-05-04

  

  Conflict of interest Funding Introduction Heme is an essential molecule for cellular metabolism involving oxygen and electron transfer [1]. However, free heme is a potent pro-oxidant that catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cellular damage [2]. Heme oxygenas

• br Introduction Initial studies of cancer metabolism

  2022-05-04

  

  Introduction Initial studies of cancer metabolism in the early 1920s showed that the cancer phenotype for glucose metabolism is unique, with increased abilities to take up glucose and produce lactate, even under aerobic conditions [1]. This pathway, called aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect

• Lactate as administered in these models is metabolized

  2022-05-04

  

  Lactate as administered in these models is metabolized rapidly and it appears that transient engagement of GPR81 with lactate serum concentrations in the range of moderate exercise physiology, as measured here at 3–4 mmol/L, are sufficient to suppress tissue macrophage NF-κB activation in our models

• Migratory properties of Treg are extremely important

  2022-05-04

  

  Migratory properties of Treg are extremely important for the potential in vivo application. Therefore, the observed expression of CXCR3 on almost all obtained insulin-specific Treg is crucial for directing melatonin receptor agonist into the inflamed tissue (in this case pancreatic islets). CXCR3 r

• Conjugated BAs via S PR also activate ERK

  2022-05-04

  

  Conjugated BAs via S1PR2 also activate ERK1/2- and AKT-signaling pathways leading to the growth and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. The role of conjugated BAs via S1PR2 to regulate apoptosis or cancer progression remains to be dissected. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the composition of

• br Introduction Verticillium dahliae Kleb

  2022-05-04

  

  Introduction Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.) is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that is able to infect hundreds of plant species, and causes vascular wilt disease [1], [2]. In nature, the infection of V. dahliae initiates from the germination of resting structures called microsclerotia [3]. The germina

• Recognition and Repair of DNA Damage DNA is a

  2022-05-04

  

  Recognition and Repair of DNA Damage DNA is a reactive molecule that is continually challenged by both endogenous and exogenous insults 1., 2.. Cellular metabolites and their byproducts, environmental toxins, and radiation alter the chemical structure of DNA, producing a wide spectrum of DNA damag

• PLX4720 mg In addition to the increase of extracellular glut

  2022-05-04

  

  In addition to the increase of extracellular glutamate, ICH can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Although the products of red blood cell lysis and plasma components, as well as the excitotoxic effect of glutamate have been to increase oxidative damage (

• LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV d glucose complex PDB

  2022-05-04

  

  LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV-d-glucose complex (PDB entry 3IDH) [17] were superimposed from individual subunits. The active site regions revealed the key DNQX disodium salt binding residues to be present for LbGlcK; also, the superposition showed that HsHxKIV had residues that were absent in LbGlcK, such

• A way to identify what subunit interfaces contribute to the

  2022-05-04

  

  A way to identify what subunit interfaces contribute to the pharmacology of agents is to utilise binary GABAARs as tool receptors to ascertain possible binding sites for particular ligands. These receptors can help identify subunits and subunit interfaces that contribute to receptor pharmacology. In

• Recently a lot of synthetic FFA agonists containing acidic m

  2022-05-04

  

  Recently, a lot of synthetic FFA1 agonists containing acidic moieties have been reported (Fig. 1) [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Notably, most of FFA1 agonists usually have the common biphenyl scaffold, which resulted in a relative deprivation in structure types of agonists [2

• PK profiles of were evaluated and found to

  2022-05-04

  

  PK profiles of were evaluated and found to be improved compared to compound presumably due to interruption of β-oxidation. Low clearance and high plasma exposure were considered to be suitable profiles as an oral agent (). We first examined in vitro insulinotropic effects of compound from MIN6 c

• Macroautophagy hereafter referred to as autophagy depends on

  2022-04-29

  

  Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) depends on an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation system that maintains cellular metabolism and homeostasis [11]. Genes involved in these processes are termed autophagy-related genes (ATGs), which regulate autophagosome formation and compl

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