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Our previous study had shown that silencing FFAR
2022-02-14
Our previous study had shown that silencing FFAR1 expression weakened the action of PIO in increasing insulin secretion in lipotoxic β Furosemide mg [6]. Resent research found that PIO promoted insulin secretion by upregulating FFAR1 [17]. Therefore, we presumed that FFAR1 may be involved in the ant
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The primary cancer lesion was mostly in the uterus and
2022-02-14
The primary cancer lesion was mostly in the uterus and adnexa, followed by the gastrointestinal tract, brain, blood, and kidney and AVE 0991 (Fig. 2A). Histopathological findings indicated that most cancers were adenocarcinomas, followed by squamous cell carcinomas, glioblastomas, malignant lymphoma
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Histamine H and H receptors are
2022-02-12
Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are considered as low affinity receptors (pKi of 4.2 and 4.3 respectively), whereas histamine H3 and H4 receptors as a high affinity receptors (pKi of 8 and 8.2 respectively) (Schreeb et al., 2013). Therefore it might well be that other histamine receptors might be invo
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In the pathogenesis of insulin
2022-02-12
In the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, chronic activation of inflammatory pathways plays an important role, and the macrophage/adipocyte inter-communication provides a key mechanism underlying the common disease states of decreased insulin sensitivity [10]. This involves the migration of macroph
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Finally a potentially effective therapeutic approach is to t
2022-02-12
Finally, a potentially effective therapeutic approach is to target the LDH enzymes that mediate bidirectional conversion of pyruvate into lactate. In particular, because LDHA is the predominant isoform expressed in glycolytic tumours, an array of LDHA-targeting compounds have been proposed and valid
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Targeting MCTs is likely to have dramatic effects
2022-02-12
Targeting MCTs is likely to have dramatic effects on lactate-dependent metabolic symbiosis described in the previous paragraphs. A plethora of MCT inhibitors have been described, including α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC) [59], organomercurials [60], stilbene disulfonates [60], and other second-gene
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In vertebrates three cognate receptors or
2022-02-12
In vertebrates, three cognate receptors or receptor-like sequences have been identified with distinct distributions and functions (Millar, 2005, Neill et al., 2001). Only two types of GnRHR occur in mammals, though (Morgan and Millar, 2004). The mammalian type I GnRHR shares over 80% amino Cyclospor
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AFB Fapy dG has been long
2022-02-12
AFB1-Fapy-dG has been long recognized as a substrate for nucleotide excision repair [24,25]. However, we recently demonstrated that this lesion is removed by AP26113 synthesis excision repair. We showed that DNA glycosylase NEIL1, a member of the Fpg/Nei glycosylase family, could excise AFB1-Fapy-d
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DNA repair is essential for cell survival
2022-02-12
DNA repair is essential for cell survival and for tissue homeostasis given that cellular DNA is constantly challenged by various endogenous and exogenous genotoxic factors that generate DNA damage: structural and chemical modifications of a primary DNA sequence. Various organisms have evolved multip
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It is becoming increasingly apparent that membrane
2022-02-12
It is becoming increasingly apparent that membrane lipids play a critical role in modulating and regulating protein function. For example, embedding the homologous SLC1 transporter GltPh in a POPE bilayer allowed a third Na+ binding site to be identified from MD simulations [42], and the binding ene
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Ning et al showed that LPC appeared
2022-02-12
Ning et al. showed that LPC 18:1 appeared to increase insulin release through both GPR119-dependent and -independent mechanisms (Ning et al., 2008). In our study, we have shown that not only GPR119 but also GPR40 and GPR55 participate in LPC-stimulated insulin secretion (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) and target p
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Aminoacyl tRNA synthetas
2022-02-12
Acknowledgements Introduction Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the formation of an ester bond between an amino ARM1 and the 3′ end of a tRNA in a two-step reaction. First, the amino acid is activated and an enzyme-bound adenylate intermediate is formed. Then, the amino acid is transferred t
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When PKC was applied alone
2022-02-12
When PKC19–31 was applied alone, it attenuated the activity run-down following excision. Furthermore, the activity induced by addition of PKC19–31 during PMA treatment in many cases was higher than in controls. Accordingly, in our experimental conditions, the mechanism which underlays channel inhib
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GFP Quantitation Kit In total strains with relatively rapid
2022-02-12
In total, 5 strains with relatively rapid acid-producing ability (MA14, 15M2, DQHXNQ38–12, 5G2, and 6G5) were selected for further analysis. Compared with the strains ATCC19435, ZN8, and D-XJ4–12, which were used as controls, these 5 strains exhibited significantly different growth and titratable ac
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A majority of aptamer based biosensors
2022-02-12
A majority of aptamer-based biosensors (termed aptasensors) is based on structure-switching process of aptamer probes upon target binding [[12], [13], [14], [15]]. And canonical structure-switching aptamer probes are strand-displacement aptamer probes, aptamer beacons and split aptamers [[16], [17],
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